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Paestum is an ancient city located in southern Italy, known for its well-preserved Greek temples dating back to the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The city was originally founded by Greek colonists from Sybaris in around 600 BC and was named Poseidonia in honor of the Greek god of the sea, Poseidon. The three main temples at Paestum are dedicated to Hera, Athena, and Neptune, and are among the best-preserved ancient Greek temples in the world.
Paestum flourished as a major city in the ancient world, with thriving trade and commerce, before eventually falling under Roman rule in the 3rd century BC. The city continued to prosper under Roman rule, with new buildings and infrastructure being constructed, but eventually declined and was abandoned in the 9th century AD due to invasions and outbreaks of disease.
In the 18th century, Paestum was rediscovered by archaeologists and has since become a popular tourist destination. The well-preserved temples, along with other ruins such as the Roman forum, amphitheater, and city walls, offer visitors a glimpse into the ancient past of this once thriving city. The site is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Italy.
Overall, Paestum is a fascinating glimpse into the ancient history of southern Italy, offering visitors the opportunity to explore well-preserved Greek and Roman ruins in a picturesque setting.